油松嫩枝扦插育苗试验

用油松嫩枝作插穗，在粗河沙中扦插育苗，插后先形成愈合组织，后从愈合组织处生根，皮部不生根．以浓度１０００μｇ／ｇ萘乙酸处理生根率最高，为５７．７％，移栽成活率为９４．９％。     

Characterization of Botryosphaeriaceae from plantation‐grown Eucalyptus species in South China

The Botryosphaeriaceae is a species‐rich family that includes pathogens of a wide variety of trees, including Eucalyptus species. Symptoms typical of infection by the Botryosphaeriaceae have recently been observed in Eucalyptus plantations in South China. The aim of this study was to identify the Botryosphaeriaceae associated with these symptoms. Isolates were collected from branch cankers and senescent twigs of different Eucalyptus spp. All isolates resembling Botryosphaeriaceae were separated into groups based on conidial morphology. Initial identifications were made using PCR‐RFLP fingerprinting, by digesting the ITS region of the rDNA operon with the restriction enzymes CfoI and KspI. Furthermore, to distinguish isolates in the Neofusicoccum parvum/N. ribis complex, a locus (BotF15) previously shown to define these species, was amplified and restricted with CfoI. Selected isolates were then identified using comparisons of DNA sequence data for the ITS rDNA and translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (TEF‐1α) gene regions. Based on anamorph morphology and DNA sequence comparisons, five species were identified: Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, N. ribis sensu lato and one undescribed taxon, for which the name Fusicoccum fabicercianum sp. nov. is provided. Isolates of all species gave rise to lesions on the stems of an E. grandis clone in a glasshouse inoculation trial and on the stems of five Eucalyptus genotypes inoculated in the field, where L. pseudotheobromae and L. theobromae were most pathogenic. The five Eucalyptus genotypes differed in their susceptibility to the Botryosphaeriaceae species suggesting that breeding and selection offers opportunity for disease avoidance in the future.     

A nested‐PCR method for rapid detection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on petals of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

This study established a quick and accurate method to detect petal infection of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using a nested‐PCR technique. DNA samples were extracted from each petal using a microwave method, followed by two rounds of PCR amplification. The first‐round PCR amplification was performed using the universal fungal primer pair ITS4/ITS5, and the second‐round amplification with a specific primer pair XJJ21/XJJ222, which was designed using the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms among nuclear rDNA ITS sequences of Sclerotinia spp., Botrytis spp. and other selected fungi. The established technique is rapid and inexpensive, and has a high degree of specificity and sensitivity. This assay can distinguish Sclerotinia spp. from other fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, a closely related and frequent cohabitant on oilseed rape petals, and can detect 50 fg genomic DNA, five ascospores of S. sclerotiorumin vitro or 50 ascospores of S. sclerotiorum on one petal in approximately 6 h, even in the presence of a high background of oilseed rape DNA. This technique was successfully applied in detecting natural petal infections.     

几种进境观赏植物根际香蕉穿孔线虫的鉴定和描述

香蕉穿孔线虫严重危害多种经济作物和观赏植物, 被中国和世界多数国家列为植物检疫有害生物。2006-2009年, 在对深圳隔离温室中的天南星科（Araceae）、竹芋科（Marantaceae）、棕榈科（Palmae）和凤梨科（Bromeliaceae）等观赏植物病害调查监测中, 从进境观赏植物红掌（Anthurium andraeanum）、孔雀竹芋（Calathea makoyana）和散尾葵（Chrysalidocarpus lutescens）上采集分离到一些植物寄生线虫, 其中有3个线虫种群经鉴定确认为香蕉穿孔线虫［Radopholus similis (Cobb,1893) Throne, 1949］, 本文对其形态特征进行了比较和描述。     

三华李橘小实蝇诱杀试验初报

测定了90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂3种食物诱剂和性诱剂不同处理方式对橘小实蝇的诱虫和防治效果。试验结果表明,90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂、性诱剂及对照诱杀橘小实蝇雌虫比率分别为39.7%、36.2%、22.9%、0%、1.2%; 90% “盛唐”饵剂、3% “稳粘”诱粘剂、0.02%多杀霉素饵剂对橘小实蝇相对防治效果分别为87.50%、69.17%、43.33%、25.83%;“盛唐”食物诱剂能较好地控制橘小实蝇的为害。     

三种赤眼蜂对灰白蚕蛾的卵龄选择

灰白蚕蛾Ocinara varia.是近年来华南地区为害较严重的园林害虫,为筛选有效防治灰白蚕蛾的赤眼蜂种,在室内条件下比较了短管赤眼蜂Trichogramma pretiosum、松毛虫赤眼蜂T.dendroli-mi和暗黑赤眼蜂T.euproctidis对不同卵龄灰白蚕蛾卵的寄生能力和适应能力.结果显示,随寄主卵龄的增加松毛虫赤眼蜂和暗黑赤眼蜂寄生卵数均呈下降趋势,且都在灰白蚕蛾卵龄为6h的卵上寄生卵数最多,分别为15.90粒/雌和12.20粒/雌;而短管赤眼蜂的寄生卵数随寄主卵龄的增加呈先上升后下降趋势,在卵龄为24 h时达最高,为8.25粒/雌;在各卵龄段,松毛虫赤眼蜂的寄生卵数均比其它2种蜂多;当寄主卵龄超过72 h时,3种赤眼蜂的寄生卵数均显著下降.3种赤眼蜂在寄生卵龄为6h的寄生卵上羽化率最高,当卵龄超过72 h时,其羽化率均显著下降.松毛虫赤眼蜂和暗黑赤眼蜂对6h卵龄的灰白蚕蛾卵致死能力最强,而短管赤眼蜂对24 h卵龄的灰白蚕蛾卵致死能力最强.综合分析表明,松毛虫赤眼蜂在灰白蚕蛾卵上的寄生能力和适应能力最好,是灰白蚕蛾的有效天敌.     

甜玉米小斑病抗性的遗传分析与主效QTL定位

为培育抗病品种,利用抗小斑病甜玉米自交系T14和感小斑病自交系T18为亲本配制杂交组合,对玉米抗小斑病性状进行遗传分析和抗病基因分子标记定位,用主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型和P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂、F₂ 6世代联合分析的方法对单位叶面积病斑数量进行遗传分析,并应用复合区间作图法检测抗小斑病QTL。结果表明,单位叶面积病斑数量受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因控制,自交系T14的抗病性在各个分离世代都以主基因遗传为主。在第4染色体上检测到4个相互连锁的小斑病抗性QTL,解释表型变异的7.7%、30.9%、14.8%和11.5%;在第6染色体上定位了1个抗病QTL,可解释表型变异的37.7%。检测到的小斑病抗性主效QTL位于第4和第6染色体的特征与2对主基因的遗传模型相吻合。     

Morphological and molecular analysis of genetic variability within isolates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corynespora cassiicola</Emphasis> from different hosts

Twenty-two isolates of Corynespora cassiicola obtained from cucumber, papaya, eggplant, tomato, bean, Vigna, sesame and Hevea rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) were analysed by morphological features, the differences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS) region sequence and the inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique. Variability of morphological features was observed among the isolates. Pathogenicity tests showed that isolates from different hosts attacked Hevea rubber. Sequences of two outgroup taxa, C. proliferata and C. citricola, were downloaded from GenBank. The phylogenetic trees were constructed by using the rDNA-ITS region sequences from 24 Corynespora spp. isolates. In this analysis, the 24 sequences grouped into two clusters (A and B). Cluster A consists of sequences from all isolates of C. cassiicola; whereas cluster B consists of the two outgroup taxa, C. proliferata and C. citricola. However, the ITS region is conservative, and is not fit for studying differences among isolates. A total of 114 DNA fragments was amplified with 16 ISSR primers, among which 102 were polymorphic (89.5%). A dendrogram was created by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) analysis, and 22 isolates grouped into three clusters (C, D and E). Cluster C is composed of all of the Hevea rubber isolates, whereas cluster D is composed of nine isolates: four from papaya, five from cucumber, eggplant, bean, vigna and sesame. Cluster E is composed of two isolates from cucumber and tomato. These analyses showed that the genetic diversity was very rich among the tested isolates. There are no correlations between the morphological characteristics or rDNA-ITS region sequences of the 22 isolates and their host or geographical origin, but there is a link between ISSR clusters and their host origins. ISSR markers appear to be useful for intra-species population study in C. cassiicola.     

枫杨幼苗对氟离子的吸收积累规律及毒性效应

【目的】探讨枫杨幼苗对氟污染的修复潜力。【方法】以枫杨当年实生幼苗为研究对象,采用溶液培养的方法,研究不同浓度、不同 pH氟离子胁迫下枫杨幼苗的根、茎、叶的氟含量、转移系数( Tf)、生物富集系数( BCF)的变化以及对枫杨幼苗的植物毒性效应。【结果】1)随着溶液氟离子浓度的升高,枫杨幼苗根、茎、叶的氟积累量逐渐升高,当溶液氟离子浓度为10 mmol·L －1时,枫杨幼苗根、茎、叶的氟积累量最高分别为1604.60,59.41,40.80 mg·kg －1。2)枫杨幼苗体内氟含量的分布存在2种情况：当培养液氟离子浓度为0.5～5 mmol·L －1时表现为根＞叶＞茎,在氟离子浓度为10 mmol·L －1时表现为根＞茎＞叶,转移系数( Tf)介于0.029～0.125之间,可能是过高的氟离子浓度使枫杨幼苗产生了严重的生理胁迫,影响了氟离子从茎向叶的运转。3)随着处理时间的增加,各处理组枫杨幼苗的相对标准蒸腾量均呈下降趋势,溶液氟离子浓度为5,10 mmol·L －1时,对枫杨幼苗蒸腾量变化的影响显著(P＜0.05),对植物的毒性效应很强。4)枫杨幼苗根、茎、叶氟积累量在酸性环境中最大,氟转移能力也最强,在中性环境中表现一般;植物在酸性、中性环境中受到的伤害较大,植物生命活力低,而在碱性条件下时,不仅对枫杨幼苗的伤害小,而且除氟效果较好、持续性强。5)为了达到最佳的处理效果,当废水中氟离子浓度≤2.5 mmol·L －1时,可以选择在酸性条件下利用枫杨来处理;当氟离子浓度为2.5～5 mmol·L －1时,可选择在碱性条件下处理废水。【结论】枫杨幼苗积累氟的能力很强,氟转移能力独特,具有很高的耐氟性,枫杨适合于水体氟污染严重区域的水体净化和植物修复。     

晒烟新品种龙烟7号的选育及其特征特性

龙烟7号是黑龙江省农科院牡丹江分院以密叶香为母本、牡晒84-1-5为父本杂交选育而成的晒烟新品种。2014年3月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定并定名推广。该品种植株为橄榄形,株型收敛、茎叶角度小,叶形宽椭圆,大田生育期84天,属中熟品种。幼苗及大田生长势强、整齐,烟叶成熟较集中。原烟外观质量优良,色泽红黄,油份较足,弹性好。高抗赤星病和普通花叶病。据多年多点试验结果,平均产量为2994kg/hm2,产值32963.9元/hm2,均价11.01元/㎏,中上等烟比例76.57%,分别比对照龙烟二号提高11.1%、15.9%、4.3%、5.5%。